Nand2Tetris 第五週 -- 自製處理器與電腦
本週的作業是設計處理器 HackCPU 與電腦 HackComputer，其中還包含了可以與週邊連接的記憶體部份。Verilog 版的設計如下:
程式模組： computer.v
`include "memory.v"
module Memory(input[15:0] in, input clock, load, input[14:0] address, output[15:0] out);
wire[15:0] outM, outS, outK, outSK;
Not g1(address[14], N14);
And g2(N14, load, Mload);
And g3(address[14], load, Sload);
RAM16K ram16k(in, clock, Mload, address[13:0], outM);
RAM8K screen(in, clock, Sload, address[12:0], outS);
Register keyboard(16'h0F0F, clock, 1'b0, outK);
Mux16 g4(outM, outSK, address[14], out);
Mux16 g5(outS, outK, address[13], outSK);
endmodule
module CPU(input[15:0] inM, I, input clock, reset, output[15:0] outM, output writeM, output[14:0] addressM, pc);
wire[15:0] Ain, Aout, AorM, ALUout, Dout, pcOut, addressMOut;
Or g1(ng, zr, ngzr); // ngzr = (ng|zr)
Not g2(ngzr, g); // g = out > 0 = !(ng|zr); ng = out < 0; zr = out = 0
And g3(ng, I[2], passLT); // ngLT = (ng<)
And g4(zr, I[1], passEQ); // zrEQ = (zr&EQ)
And g5(g, I[0], passGT); // gGT = (g>)
Or g6(passLT, passEQ, passLE);
Or g7(passLE, passGT, pass);
And g8(I[15], pass, PCload); // PCload = I15&J
// ALU
Mux16 g9(Aout, inM, I[12], AorM); // Mux ALU in : cAorM = I[12]
ALU alu(Dout, AorM, I[11], I[10], I[9], I[8], I[7], I[6], ALUout, zr, ng);
PC pc1(Aout, clock, PCload, 1'b1, reset, pcOut);
assign pc = pcOut[14:0];
// A register
Not g10(I[15], Atype);
And g11(I[15], I[5], AluToA); // AluToA = I[15]&d1
Or g12(Atype, AluToA, Aload);
Mux16 g13(I, ALUout, AluToA, Ain); // sel=I[15]
Register A(Ain, clock, Aload, Aout);
// D register
And g14(I[15], I[4], Dload); // Aload = I[15]&d2
Register D(ALUout, clock, Dload, Dout);
// output
assign addressM = Aout[14:0];
And g16(I[15], I[3], writeM); // writeM = I[15] & d3
And16 g17(ALUout, ALUout, outM);
endmodule
module Computer(input clock, reset);
wire[15:0] inM, outM, I;
wire[14:0] addressM, pc;
Memory ram(inM, !clock, loadM, addressM, outM);
ROM32K rom(pc, I);
CPU cpu(outM, I, clock, reset, inM, loadM, addressM, pc);
endmodule
測試程式： computer_test.v
`include "computer.v"
module main;
reg reset, clock;
Computer c(clock, reset);
integer i;
initial
begin
$readmemb("sum.hack", c.rom.m);
for (i=0; i < 32; i=i+1) begin
$display("%4x: %x", i, c.rom.m[i]);
end
$monitor("%4dns clock=%d pc=%d I=%d A=%d D=%d M=%d", $stime, clock, c.pc, c.I, c.addressM, c.cpu.Dout, c.outM);
clock = 0;
#10 reset=1;
#30 reset=0;
end
always #5 begin
clock = clock + 1;
end
initial #1800 $finish;
endmodule
輸入檔 : sum.hack
0000000000010000 // @i // i refers to some RAM location
1110111111001000 // M=1 // i=1
0000000000010001 // @sum // sum refers to some RAM location
1110101010001000 // M=0 // sum=0
0000000000010000 // (LOOP) @i
1111110000010000 // D=M // D = i
0000000000001010 // @10
1110010011010000 // D=D-A // D = i - 10
0000000000010010 // @END
1110001100000001 // D;JGT // If (i-100) > 0 goto END
0000000000010000 // @i
1111110000010000 // D=M // D = i
0000000000010001 // @sum
1111000010001000 // M=D+M // sum += i
0000000000010000 // @i
1111110111001000 // M=M+1 // i++
0000000000000100 // @LOOP
1110101010000111 // 0;JMP // Got LOOP
0000000000010010 // (END) @END
1110101010000111 // 0;JMP // Infinite loop
測試結果
WARNING: computer_test.v:12: $readmemb(sum.hack): Not enough words in the file for the requested range [0:16383].
00000000: 0010
00000001: efc8
00000002: 0011
00000003: ea88
00000004: 0010
00000005: fc10
00000006: 000a
00000007: e4d0
00000008: 0012
00000009: e301
0000000a: 0010
0000000b: fc10
0000000c: 0011
0000000d: f088
0000000e: 0010
0000000f: fdc8
00000010: 0004
00000011: ea87
00000012: 0012
00000013: ea87
00000014: xxxx
00000015: xxxx
00000016: xxxx
00000017: xxxx
00000018: xxxx
00000019: xxxx
0000001a: xxxx
0000001b: xxxx
0000001c: xxxx
0000001d: xxxx
0000001e: xxxx
0000001f: xxxx
0ns clock=0 pc= x I= x A= x D= x M= x
5ns clock=1 pc= x I= x A= x D= x M= x
10ns clock=0 pc= x I= x A= x D= x M= x
15ns clock=1 pc= 0 I= 16 A= x D= x M= x
20ns clock=0 pc= 0 I= 16 A= x D= x M= x
25ns clock=1 pc= 0 I= 16 A= 16 D= x M= x
30ns clock=0 pc= 0 I= 16 A= 16 D= x M= x
35ns clock=1 pc= 0 I= 16 A= 16 D= x M= x
40ns clock=0 pc= 0 I= 16 A= 16 D= x M= x
45ns clock=1 pc= 1 I=61384 A= 16 D= x M= x
50ns clock=0 pc= 1 I=61384 A= 16 D= x M= 1
55ns clock=1 pc= 2 I= 17 A= 16 D= x M= 1
60ns clock=0 pc= 2 I= 17 A= 16 D= x M= 1
65ns clock=1 pc= 3 I=60040 A= 17 D= x M= x
70ns clock=0 pc= 3 I=60040 A= 17 D= x M= 0
75ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 17 D= x M= 0
80ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 17 D= x M= 0
85ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= x M= 1
90ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= x M= 1
95ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 1 M= 1
100ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 1 M= 1
105ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 1 M= x
110ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 1 M= x
115ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65527 M= x
120ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65527 M= x
125ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65527 M= x
130ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65527 M= x
135ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65527 M= x
140ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65527 M= x
145ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65527 M= 1
150ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65527 M= 1
155ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 1 M= 1
160ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 1 M= 1
165ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 1 M= 0
170ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 1 M= 1
175ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 1 M= 1
180ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 1 M= 1
185ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 1 M= 1
190ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 1 M= 2
195ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 1 M= 2
200ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 1 M= 2
205ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 1 M= x
210ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 1 M= x
215ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 1 M= x
220ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 1 M= x
225ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 1 M= 2
230ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 1 M= 2
235ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 2 M= 2
240ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 2 M= 2
245ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 2 M= x
250ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 2 M= x
255ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65528 M= x
260ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65528 M= x
265ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65528 M= x
270ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65528 M= x
275ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65528 M= x
280ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65528 M= x
285ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65528 M= 2
290ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65528 M= 2
295ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 2 M= 2
300ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 2 M= 2
305ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 2 M= 1
310ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 2 M= 3
315ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 2 M= 3
320ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 2 M= 3
325ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 2 M= 2
330ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 2 M= 3
335ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 2 M= 3
340ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 2 M= 3
345ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 2 M= x
350ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 2 M= x
355ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 2 M= x
360ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 2 M= x
365ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 2 M= 3
370ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 2 M= 3
375ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 3 M= 3
380ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 3 M= 3
385ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 3 M= x
390ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 3 M= x
395ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65529 M= x
400ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65529 M= x
405ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65529 M= x
410ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65529 M= x
415ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65529 M= x
420ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65529 M= x
425ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65529 M= 3
430ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65529 M= 3
435ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 3 M= 3
440ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 3 M= 3
445ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 3 M= 3
450ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 3 M= 6
455ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 3 M= 6
460ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 3 M= 6
465ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 3 M= 3
470ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 3 M= 4
475ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 3 M= 4
480ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 3 M= 4
485ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 3 M= x
490ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 3 M= x
495ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 3 M= x
500ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 3 M= x
505ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 3 M= 4
510ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 3 M= 4
515ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 4 M= 4
520ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 4 M= 4
525ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 4 M= x
530ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 4 M= x
535ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65530 M= x
540ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65530 M= x
545ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65530 M= x
550ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65530 M= x
555ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65530 M= x
560ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65530 M= x
565ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65530 M= 4
570ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65530 M= 4
575ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 4 M= 4
580ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 4 M= 4
585ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 4 M= 6
590ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 4 M= 10
595ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 4 M= 10
600ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 4 M= 10
605ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 4 M= 4
610ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 4 M= 5
615ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 4 M= 5
620ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 4 M= 5
625ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 4 M= x
630ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 4 M= x
635ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 4 M= x
640ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 4 M= x
645ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 4 M= 5
650ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 4 M= 5
655ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 5 M= 5
660ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 5 M= 5
665ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 5 M= x
670ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 5 M= x
675ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65531 M= x
680ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65531 M= x
685ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65531 M= x
690ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65531 M= x
695ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65531 M= x
700ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65531 M= x
705ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65531 M= 5
710ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65531 M= 5
715ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 5 M= 5
720ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 5 M= 5
725ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 5 M= 10
730ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 5 M= 15
735ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 5 M= 15
740ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 5 M= 15
745ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 5 M= 5
750ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 5 M= 6
755ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 5 M= 6
760ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 5 M= 6
765ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 5 M= x
770ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 5 M= x
775ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 5 M= x
780ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 5 M= x
785ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 5 M= 6
790ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 5 M= 6
795ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 6 M= 6
800ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 6 M= 6
805ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 6 M= x
810ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 6 M= x
815ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65532 M= x
820ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65532 M= x
825ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65532 M= x
830ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65532 M= x
835ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65532 M= x
840ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65532 M= x
845ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65532 M= 6
850ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65532 M= 6
855ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 6 M= 6
860ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 6 M= 6
865ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 6 M= 15
870ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 6 M= 21
875ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 6 M= 21
880ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 6 M= 21
885ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 6 M= 6
890ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 6 M= 7
895ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 6 M= 7
900ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 6 M= 7
905ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 6 M= x
910ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 6 M= x
915ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 6 M= x
920ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 6 M= x
925ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 6 M= 7
930ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 6 M= 7
935ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 7 M= 7
940ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 7 M= 7
945ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 7 M= x
950ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 7 M= x
955ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65533 M= x
960ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65533 M= x
965ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65533 M= x
970ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65533 M= x
975ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65533 M= x
980ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65533 M= x
985ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65533 M= 7
990ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65533 M= 7
995ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 7 M= 7
1000ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 7 M= 7
1005ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 7 M= 21
1010ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 7 M= 28
1015ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 7 M= 28
1020ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 7 M= 28
1025ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 7 M= 7
1030ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 7 M= 8
1035ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 7 M= 8
1040ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 7 M= 8
1045ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 7 M= x
1050ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 7 M= x
1055ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 7 M= x
1060ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 7 M= x
1065ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 7 M= 8
1070ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 7 M= 8
1075ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 8 M= 8
1080ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 8 M= 8
1085ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 8 M= x
1090ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 8 M= x
1095ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65534 M= x
1100ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65534 M= x
1105ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65534 M= x
1110ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65534 M= x
1115ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65534 M= x
1120ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65534 M= x
1125ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65534 M= 8
1130ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65534 M= 8
1135ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 8 M= 8
1140ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 8 M= 8
1145ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 8 M= 28
1150ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 8 M= 36
1155ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 8 M= 36
1160ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 8 M= 36
1165ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 8 M= 8
1170ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 8 M= 9
1175ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 8 M= 9
1180ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 8 M= 9
1185ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 8 M= x
1190ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 8 M= x
1195ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 8 M= x
1200ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 8 M= x
1205ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 8 M= 9
1210ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 8 M= 9
1215ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 9 M= 9
1220ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 9 M= 9
1225ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 9 M= x
1230ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 9 M= x
1235ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65535 M= x
1240ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D=65535 M= x
1245ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65535 M= x
1250ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D=65535 M= x
1255ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65535 M= x
1260ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D=65535 M= x
1265ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65535 M= 9
1270ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D=65535 M= 9
1275ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 9 M= 9
1280ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 9 M= 9
1285ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 9 M= 36
1290ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 9 M= 45
1295ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 9 M= 45
1300ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 9 M= 45
1305ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 9 M= 9
1310ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 9 M= 10
1315ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 9 M= 10
1320ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 9 M= 10
1325ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 9 M= x
1330ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 9 M= x
1335ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 9 M= x
1340ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 9 M= x
1345ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 9 M= 10
1350ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 9 M= 10
1355ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 10 M= 10
1360ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 10 M= 10
1365ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 10 M= x
1370ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 10 M= x
1375ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D= 0 M= x
1380ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D= 0 M= x
1385ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D= 0 M= x
1390ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D= 0 M= x
1395ns clock=1 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D= 0 M= x
1400ns clock=0 pc= 10 I= 16 A= 18 D= 0 M= x
1405ns clock=1 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D= 0 M= 10
1410ns clock=0 pc= 11 I=64528 A= 16 D= 0 M= 10
1415ns clock=1 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 10 M= 10
1420ns clock=0 pc= 12 I= 17 A= 16 D= 10 M= 10
1425ns clock=1 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 10 M= 45
1430ns clock=0 pc= 13 I=61576 A= 17 D= 10 M= 55
1435ns clock=1 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 10 M= 55
1440ns clock=0 pc= 14 I= 16 A= 17 D= 10 M= 55
1445ns clock=1 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 10 M= 10
1450ns clock=0 pc= 15 I=64968 A= 16 D= 10 M= 11
1455ns clock=1 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 10 M= 11
1460ns clock=0 pc= 16 I= 4 A= 16 D= 10 M= 11
1465ns clock=1 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 10 M= x
1470ns clock=0 pc= 17 I=60039 A= 4 D= 10 M= x
1475ns clock=1 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 10 M= x
1480ns clock=0 pc= 4 I= 16 A= 4 D= 10 M= x
1485ns clock=1 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 10 M= 11
1490ns clock=0 pc= 5 I=64528 A= 16 D= 10 M= 11
1495ns clock=1 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 11 M= 11
1500ns clock=0 pc= 6 I= 10 A= 16 D= 11 M= 11
1505ns clock=1 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 11 M= x
1510ns clock=0 pc= 7 I=58576 A= 10 D= 11 M= x
1515ns clock=1 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D= 1 M= x
1520ns clock=0 pc= 8 I= 18 A= 10 D= 1 M= x
1525ns clock=1 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1530ns clock=0 pc= 9 I=58113 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1535ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1540ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1545ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1550ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1555ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1560ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1565ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1570ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1575ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1580ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1585ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1590ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1595ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1600ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1605ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1610ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1615ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1620ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1625ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1630ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1635ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1640ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1645ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1650ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1655ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1660ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1665ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1670ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1675ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1680ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1685ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1690ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1695ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1700ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1705ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1710ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1715ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1720ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1725ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1730ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1735ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1740ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1745ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1750ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1755ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1760ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1765ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1770ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1775ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1780ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1785ns clock=1 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1790ns clock=0 pc= 19 I=60039 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1795ns clock=1 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
1800ns clock=0 pc= 18 I= 18 A= 18 D= 1 M= x
結語
您可以看到上述的輸出當中有 55 這個數字，這代表 1+...+10 = 55 的計算結果是正確的，也就是處理器可以正常的執行 sum.hack 程式了。
編輯： 陳鍾誠 email: ccckmit@gmail.com